Created \t02\/03\/2006 3:46 am<\/p>\n
\tThe white group which could have become most closely integrated
\n\twith Africa chose a destiny that made it the epitome of racism on
\n\tthe continent. — The modern era of African history was
\n\tinaugurated by the discovery of diamonds at Kimberly and gold on
\n\tthe Witwatersrand. Unimagined wealth awakened imperial dreams,
\n\twhile the mines intensified labour demands and polarized racist
\n\tattitudes. Labour compounds and pass laws were just two aspects of
\n\tofficial racial segregation instituted under British rule during
\n\tthe 1880s which established precedents for the apartheid laws
\n\tformalized by South Africa’s white government in the 1960’s. —
\n\treka, reka. mona mtskeka (buy buy a gun)<\/p>\n
\tLeopold II of Belgium started the European nations’ “scramble” for
\n\tterritory in Africa at the end of the nineteenth century. While
\n\tFrance, Britain, Portugal, and Germany established colonies,
\n\tLeopold proclaimed himself King-Sovereign of the Congo Free
\n\tState. Rubber brought great wealth to Leopold and Belgium;
\n\tharvesting the crop inflicted terrible hardships upon the
\n\tCongolese. —<\/p>\n
\tAfrican leaders were not invited to attend the Berlin Conference
\n\tin 1884-85 at which Africa was carved out among the colonial
\n\tpowers, nor were they consulted. The colonial history of the Lozi
\n\tpeople of western Zambia exemplifies the manner in which African
\n\tpolities were taken up, manipulated and discarded to suit European
\n\tinterests. —<\/p>\n
\twhether by coincidence, convenience, or connivance<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Created 02\/03\/2006 3:46 am The white group which could have become most closely integrated with Africa chose a destiny that made it the epitome of racism on the continent. — The modern era of African history was inaugurated by the discovery of diamonds at Kimberly and gold on the Witwatersrand. Unimagined wealth awakened imperial dreams, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_s2mail":"","spay_email":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bbrace.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bbrace.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bbrace.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bbrace.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bbrace.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bbrace.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bbrace.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bbrace.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bbrace.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}